The Realization of the Government's Role in Creating Food Security in Indonesia

Food is the most important and strategic basic need for human life. Food is a basic need whose fulfillment is the basic right of every human being as stated in Law No. 18 of 2012 concerning food. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research as outlined descriptively. The focus of this research is the role of the government in realizing food security in all regions of Indonesia. By looking at the problems that occur in the field, this research will focus on the government's strategy in realizing food security. The government's role in developing regional food reserves is divided into three, including regulators, facilitators, and dynamicators. The role of the Government as a regulator is to prepare guidelines, directives and references through the issuance of regulations and implement them. The government's role as a facilitator is to create conducive conditions for the implementation of development to bridge various community interests in optimizing regional development, namely by providing facilities in the form of goods and services to support the success of activities. The government's role as a dynamicator is to mobilize community participation if there are obstacles in the development process to encourage and maintain the dynamics of regional development, in this activity, community participation is the involvement of the Rukun Warga and Rukun Tetangga in providing data and identifying recipient data.


INTRODUCTION
Food is the most important and strategic basic need for human life.Food is a basic need whose fulfillment is the basic right of every human being as stated in Law No. 18 of 2012 concerning food (UU No.18 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pangan).Food and nutrition are very closely related to efforts to increase human resources (Prasetyarini et al., 2014), evidenced by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which guarantees human rights in the form of food as a basic component for realizing quality human resources.This is comparable to what Suhud stated that food not only allows all living things to continue their lifespan, but also enables humans to develop their intellect and spirit (Suhud, 2009).Suyastiri also said that the fulfillment of food or what he called food adequacy determines the quality of human resources and food security of a nation (Suyastiri, 2008).The community's ability to prepare quality and independent human beings is reflected in the quality and balance of the food available (Prasetyarini et al., 2014).If a family or community suffers from nutritional problems, both under and over nutrition, the family and community will lose the potential for high quality human resources.Increasing human resources is one indicator of improving the quality of life of the nation.So it can be concluded that food has a close relationship with improving the quality of life of the nation, and therefore efforts are needed to meet food needs that are evenly distributed.
The global world makes food one of the focuses of world problems.In 2010 the Food Agriculture Organization United Nations (FAO -UN) released data on the number of world population suffering from hunger due to food shortages reaching 925 million people.A massive systematic campaign has even been carried out by the World Food Program (WFP) regarding global food insecurity which is expected to occur in 2020, especially in developing countries.As a developing country, Indonesia itself is considered not yet strong in terms of food security, independence and sovereignty.There are still many Indonesian people whose food needs are not met, especially in households that are classified as poor, where poor households generally have relatively low food availability.The World Bank in 2013 said that based on the results of the calculation of the Food and Agriculture (FAO) in 2005, in Indonesia there were around 6% of the population suffering from hunger.Data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for 2009 stated that in 2009 the number of people who were highly food insecure reached 14.4%, an increase compared to 2008, which was 11.1%.In 2012 there were still 19.4% of Indonesia's population experiencing very food insecure conditions and if allowed to continue for months, they would become acute food insecurity which causes hunger (Santi & Andrias, 2015).
Fulfillment of food with conditions of sufficient availability is an important aspect to establish good food security.The role of the Government as a public servant in realizing food security, has the responsibility to build food security to meet the basic needs of society.The Government of Indonesia has committed to increasing domestic food security by making the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 18 of 2012 concerning Food, where in Article 8 paragraph (2) of the law mandates that the government realize the availability, affordability and fulfillment of sufficient food consumption., safe, quality and nutritionally balanced, both at the national and regional levels to individuals evenly throughout the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia at all times by utilizing local resources, institutions and culture carried out in an integrated manner with local governments.
One of the efforts that needs to be taken by the government in developing food security is to increase the availability of food at all times.Developing food availability can be done by developing food reserves.The National Food Reserve according to the law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2012 is Food supply throughout the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia for human consumption and to deal with the problem of Food shortages, supply and price disruptions, and emergencies.National Food Reserves consist of Government Food Reserves, Regional Government Food Reserves, and Community Food Reserves.If in the previous paragraph it was explained that the Provincial Government, Regency/City Government and/or Village Government implement policies and are responsible for implementing food security in their respective areas.
Each region has its own potential, so that the role of the city government is involved in initiating the development of each of these areas.so development and development must be carried out for the benefit of society.The large number of people in the poor category is the task of the local government to take steps to deal with it.Overcoming this problem, the regional government must make Procurement, Management and Distribution of Food Reserves, which in this case means Regional Food Reserves.The purpose of this regulation is stated in article 3, namely that regional government food reserves are intended to provide food reserves in the regions in facing emergencies and after disasters, as well as protecting strategic food farmers/producers in accordance with regional food potential from price reduction fluctuations at harvest time and the community.food insecurity due to poverty.Management of Food Reserves The regional government aims to increase food supply to ensure a stable food supply over time and between regions; meet the food needs of people experiencing emergencies and food insecurity following natural and social disasters; and increasing access to food for transient food insecure groups, especially in isolated areas and in emergency conditions due to disasters as well as chronic food insecure communities due to poverty.

METHOD
The type of research used in this study is qualitative research as outlined descriptively.Qualitative research methods are research that intends to understand phenomena about what is experienced by research objects such as behavior, perceptions, motivations, actions, etc. holistically and by means of descriptions in the form of words and language, in a special context by utilizing various methods (Sugiyono, 2019).The focus of this research is the government's role in realizing food security in all regions of Indonesia.By looking at the problems that occur in the field, this research will focus on the government's strategy in realizing food security using a government strategy theory approach stating that strategy is a form of plan that integrates main objectives, policies and a series of actions in a organization accompanied by the preparation of a method or effort on how to achieve these goals and the presence of government intervention in the process of developing community development activities which can be carried out in two ways, namely direct operation with direct control.

RESULT The Government's Strategy in increasing Food Security in the Regions
Community empowerment is an effort to provide information that is carried out continuously and continuously following the development of the goal to make changes to targets in the aspect of knowledge from being not informed to knowing (knowledge), aspects of attitudes that are formed after knowing willing (attitudes), and aspects of action where the target will do something after knowing and forming an attitude (practice).One of the efforts made by the Regency Government is to hold a Sustainable Food Yard (P2L) program.One of the implementations is the development of a Sustainable Food Homeyard Area Model.The Sustainable Food Home Yard Model is carried out by utilizing the community's yard for planting food (other than rice) and can also be used for breeding.This is done with the aim of providing a variety of people's food consumption that contains balanced and healthy nutrition for consumption, as well as reducing people's dependence on rice.However, the community is passive and prefers to rely on vegetable traders outside the area.The government's strategy in increasing community empowerment is largely determined by communication and collaboration between the government and the community (Hartaman et al, 2021).Community empowerment can be realized through active participation of the community which is facilitated by the existence of empowerment treatment or action.An indicator of a successful community empowerment is when the community wants to participate and the community empowerment provides benefits to the community (Aidha & Harahap, 2021).The strategy is as follows: (a) developing systems and agribusiness enterprises; (a) realizing togetherness between communities as business actors and government as facilitators; (c) fostering food security at the household and individual levels; and (d) strengthening coordination and synchronization of related parties in planning, policy, development and control.

Factors Influencing Local Government in Improving Food Security a. Supporting factors
In every implementation of policies, programs or activities, it is undeniable that there are supporting factors that cause these policies, programs or activities to run smoothly and successfully.If there are more supporting factors in a program, it is not impossible that the program will succeed in accordance with the objectives to be achieved.Factors supporting the sustainability of regional food reserve development activities are influenced by internal and external supporting factors.Based on the results of the research, the internal supporting factors for regional food reserve development activities are the existence of a clear implementation basis, regarding the Procurement, Management and Distribution of Food Reserves where these regulations can provide guidelines, directions and references in implementing regional food reserve development activities, as well as regulations This is supported by the Regional Government Budget Team and also the DPRD Budget Agency regarding funding, because as is known without a budget activities cannot be carried out.In addition, the supporting factors for the implementation of activities are adequate human resources who handle these activities, existing resources can become coordinators for each region, especially with the use of online communication media, executors can coordinate well.Support also came from external factors, namely the positive attitude of the beneficiaries.They were very happy because this activity could help their economy.business or for old age savings when you are no longer able to work.b.Obstacle factor Food independence cannot be realized without the role of the government and society.Farmers who are the spearhead in the provision of food locally, must receive attention and support from the government.The heart of food self-sufficiency lies in the quality and productivity of agriculture, so the government must take sides and fully support farmers.In addition, price policy can also support the consolidation and realization of food self-sufficiency.A more appropriate policy in the framework of realizing food self-sufficiency is to change the habits of urban communities with the concept of urban vertical farming which is carried out in big cities in Indonesia.Food security does not only include the notion of sufficient food availability, but also the ability to access (including buy) food and there is no food dependence on any party.In this case, farmers have a strategic position in food security: farmers are food producers and farmers are also at the same time the largest consumer group, some of whom are still poor and need sufficient purchasing power to buy food.Farmers must have the ability to produce food as well as have sufficient income to meet their own food needs.This is where the role of the government is very necessary in empowering urban farmers who will become the new mainstream for making agricultural land vertically in urban areas.Because from the current farmer aspect, researchers get the fact that the relatively low and declining welfare of food farmers at this time will greatly determine the prospects for national food security.Welfare is determined by various factors and limitations, the main ones are: 1. Some farmers are poor because they do not have any productive factors except for their workforce (they are poor because they are poor), in this case the limited human resources available (low quality of education owned by farmers in general) becomes a quite complicated problem, on the other hand Structural poverty makes farmers' access to education very minimal.2. Farmers' land area is narrow and under pressure to continue to be converted.In general, farmers in Indonesia, on average, only own less than 1/3 hectare of land.From a production point of view, of course, this kind of land cannot be used to meet the daily needs of farmers.3. Limited access to financial service support, availability of capital needs to get more attention by the government in general, the most basic problem experienced by farmers is limited capital, both in the provision of fertilizer or seeds.4. No or limited access to better information and technology.Farmers in Indonesia are mostly still cultivating land in the traditional way, only a small number of them are already using advanced technology.Of course, the production results are very limited and cannot be maximized.5. Inadequate production infrastructure (water, electricity, roads, telecommunications).The majority of agriculture in Indonesia is still in rural areas, so access to supporting facilities and infrastructure such as water, electricity, good road conditions and telecommunications is very limited.6.The market structure is unfair and exploitative due to the very weak bargaining position of farmers.7. Inability, weakness, or ignorance of the farmers themselves.
Without a basic and comprehensive solution in various aspects above, the welfare of farmers will be threatened and food security will be very difficult to achieve.So this is where the role of community empowerment by the government must be made a major concern for the realization of food security because food security can be realized well if management is managed starting from the micro level (starting from the household), if people's access to food needs is good then food security in at the macro level it is certain that it will automatically materialize.

CONCLUSION
Food is the most important and strategic basic need for human life.Food is a basic need whose fulfillment is the basic right of every human being as stated in Law No. 18 of 2012 concerning food.Food and nutrition are very closely related to efforts to increase human resources, as evidenced by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which guarantees human rights in the form of food as a basic component for realizing quality human resources.That food not only allows all living things to continue their lifespan, but also enables humans to develop their intellect and spirit.Fulfillment of food or what he calls food adequacy determines the quality of human resources and food security of a nation.The community's ability to prepare quality and independent human beings is reflected in the quality and balance of the food available.If a family or community suffers from nutritional problems, both under and over nutrition, the family and community will lose the potential for high quality human resources.Increasing human resources is one indicator of improving the quality of life of the nation.So it can be concluded that food has a close relationship with improving the quality of life of the nation, and therefore efforts are needed to meet food needs that are evenly distributed.The government's role in developing regional food reserves is divided into three, including regulators, facilitators, and dynamicators.The role of the Government as a regulator is to prepare guidelines, directives and references through the issuance of regulations and implement them.The government's role as a facilitator is to create conducive conditions for the implementation of development to bridge various community interests in optimizing regional development, namely by providing facilities in the form of goods and services to support the success of activities.The government's role as a dynamicator is to mobilize community participation if there are obstacles in the development process to encourage and maintain the dynamics of regional development, in this activity, community participation is the involvement of the Rukun Warga and Rukun Tetangga in providing data and identifying recipient data.